What is strange to me is that if they miss a shot and it goes out of bounds, the offense keeps the ball. Seems counter-intuitive. Is it the closest player to the ball when it goes out keeps the ball?
For most of the field, and all other players, if a ball goes OOB, it is awarded to the other team. The exception is shots. Possession on shots that go OOBs is awarded to the team whose player is closest to the goal line (or side line for certain shots) when the ball goes OOB. Teams on offense will purposely station one player behind the net for most of those scenarios.
Seems we got tripped a couple of times running with the ball and it wasn't called. We also had a penalty shot that was waived off for some reason (left too early?)
I didn't see the game, so I can't speak about specific plays. When a team is on the attack, and one of their players gets fouled but remains on the attack, the ref can signal that they saw a foul but are allowing the attack to continue. It's similar, though not identical, to advantage in soccer -- a game that you have followed for years.
If a player (attacker or defender) moves before the whistle on a free position (penalty shot), the play is stopped. If it's the defender that moved too soon, the free position will still be taken by the attack player. If it's the attacker that moved too soon, the ball is turned over to the defensive team.
Thanks Tom; is the off-sides like hockey, or soccer?
Actually it's different than both. In soccer, the second-to-the-last defender and the goalie must be between the offensive player and the net when the play starts, or the offensive player is offsides. In hockey, the attack player can not enter the offensive zone before the puck does. WLAX offsides is somewhat different. However, let's stick with the hockey rink for the explanation. The hockey rink is divided into 3 zones. A LAX field is the same. In LAX, there are limits on the total numbers of players that a team can have in an attack zone. So it doesn't matter where the offensive player or the defensive player is in terms of when an attack starts, or where the ball is versus where the attack player is. It's simply a matter of sending too many attackers, or too many defenders, into one of the attack zones. In college WLAX, offsides doesn't happen all that often. At the other end of the spectrum, offsides happens all the time at the youth level.
Also, what about a ball hitting a player in the head?
It can happen, but it's a surprisingly rare occurrence. If a player takes a shot, or makes a pass, and hits somebody in the head (and it's not because they simply missed the pass), the player that did so would be given a yellow card and their team would play down 1 player for 2 minutes. If the same player were to do that a second time, they would be shown a second yellow, and would be out of the match (I know that's the rule in youth thru high school; I think it's the same in college). The rare times that it does happen are in situations like, 1) a shot or pass it made, and the ball is deflected, so a lot of the acceleration has been decreased, the force of the impact is greatly reduced, 2) a shot is taken but as it's taken the shooter's stick is checked, resulting in a weak shot going in an unexpected direction. Again, in this situation most of the acceleration has been negated, so the force of the impact is greatly reduced.
Goalies are required to wear helmets, and they are hard helmets.
What types of penalties are there? Just over-aggression?
There are a lot of fouls that can be whistled. They are basically classified as major fouls and minor fouls. The restart after the foul is determined by where the foul took place, and what type of foul (major or minor) it was.
Over-agression, or doing something that is not safe for the opponent, are what causes most fouls to be called.